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Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, scribe of the Prophet in his later years, governor of Syria under Umar and Uthman. Adversary of Ali during the First Fitna. Founded the Umayyad dynasty in 661 after Ali's death and established his capital in Damascus. Reigned 19 years, introduced hereditary succession by designating his son Yazid.
Birthin 605 in Mecca
Deathin 680 in Damas